典型案例
运动试验QT离散度变化与心肌缺血和T波改变相关性的研究
【摘要】目的 探讨运动试验QT离散度(QTd)变化与心肌缺血和T波变化的相关性及评价QTd的临床应用价值。 方法242例经冠脉造影证实冠心病而静息心电图正常,平板运动试验阳性(冠心病组)和168例静息心电图有T波低平、双向、倒置或有u波,平板运动试验心电图正常,并经冠脉造影及其他检查除排除器质性心脏病(非器质性心脏病组)。观察两组平板运动试验QTd 的变化与心肌缺血和T波变化的相关性。结果(假定QTd>50ms为异常) 冠心病组运动前QTd 异常率为18%,运动后为80%。非器质性心脏病组运动前QTd 异常率为84%,运动后为12%。QTd的变化与T波改变相关,r=0.86 , P<0.01;与冠心病运动后单纯缺血性ST段下移无相关性。结论 运动试验QTd变化与心肌缺血无相关性,QTd 异常不能判断心肌复极不均一性进而预测恶性心律失常或心脏猝死,而只是反映T波非特异性异常的一个粗浅的量化指标,对QTd的临床应用宜慎重。
【关键词】QT离散度 ; 心电图 ; 运动试验
Study relationship between the
myocardial ischemia or T wave changed and QT dispersion during the exercise test
CHENG Yuanzhi . XIONG Gang
Wuhan Asia Heart Disease Hospital , Cardiovascular Institute . Wuhan 430022 , China
【Abstract】Objective: TO Study relationship between the
myocardial ischemia or T wave changed and QT dispersion during the exercise test and evaluate its clinical significance in patients .Methods All subjects underwent a modified Bruce protocol exercise test and QT intervals were measured manually at rest and exercise. The value of QTd was calculated as a difference between the longest and the shtest measured value in each of the 12 ECG leads. Of 410 patients studied , 242 patients with coronary heart disease and 168 patients with non-heart disease underwent coronary angiography and other examine, ECG was normal before exercise test and was abnormal after exercise in patients with coronary heart disease . ECG was abnormal of T wave inversion low and discovered u wave before exercise test and was normal after exercise in patients with non-heart disease .Results QTd were abnormal before exercise in patients with coronary heart disease group that was 18% and 80% after exercise. QTd were abnormal before exercise in patients with non-heart disease group that was 84% and 12 % after exercise .Conclusion Increased QT dispersion is not associated with myocardial ischemia and an increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Abnormal QTd could not forecast the patients’ prognosis . Nevertheless, according to all mentioned acts the only serious interpretation of increased QT dispersion is that it reflects unspecific T wave changes. At present , the QTd should be read with caution.
【Key wds】QT dispersion ; Electrocardiogram ; exercise test
自80年代Day 和Campbell等[1,2]提出应用体表心电图(ECG)测定QT离散度(QT dispersion,QTd),以来,由于方法简便,很快被临床采用,有关QTd的论文大量涌现。大多作者在首先肯定这一指标能预测心脏猝死的前提下,应用这一指标来解释临床现象和评价某些治疗效果,而探讨QTd本身的可靠性和其发生机制的临床研究论著较少。为此,对我院2000例平板运动试验中选择410例测定运动试验前后QTd的变化,来探讨QTd异常与心肌缺血和T波改变的相关性及运动试验QTd变化的发生机制。
1.资料和方法
1.1对象:对我院近两年来做平板运动试验的2000例病人中,选择静息心电图正常,平板运动阳性并经冠脉造影确诊冠心病的242例,其中男196例,女46例,平均年龄52±4.6岁(冠心病组)。和静息心电图有T波异常并经冠脉造影和其他检查排除器质性心脏病,平板运动试验时心电图T波恢复正常的168例,其中男26例,女142例,平均年龄46±5.2 岁(非器质性心脏病组)。对比两组病例运动前后QTd 的变化。
1.2方法:美国GE公司Marquette Case 8000型平板运动试验系统,在静息状态和次极量Bruce方案运动时及运动后6分钟内,用体表6导同步心电图每2分钟描记1次标准12导联心电图,测量T波改变及缺血性ST段下移极大的2次12导联心电图的QT间期,纸速25mm/s 。每个导联连续测量3个心动周期,取其均值,单人手工测量,分别得到极大QT间期(QTmax)、极小QT间期(QTmin), 计算QTd= QTmax- QTmin 。本研究根据文献[3]QTd >50ms 为异常。
1.3统计学方法:资料输入电脑建立数据库,采用SPSS统计软件进行统计学处理。计数用均数±标准差表示,两组运动前后QTd变化与缺血性ST段下移和T波改变的相关性,用多因素相关回归分析,相关系数r的显著性用t检验,P<0.05为差异有显著性。
2结果
2.1冠心病组运动前QTd异常率为18%,运动时及运动后QTd 异常为80%。非器质性心脏病组运动前QTd 异常为84%,运动时及运动后QTd 异常率为12%。两组病例运动前后QTd变化有显著性差异(P<0.01)。
2.2冠心病组运动时及运动后QTd 异常者均有T波的改变,特别是T波出现低平、双向、倒置或出现u 波,非器质性心脏病组平板运动试验后QTd 由异常变为正常者均有运动后T波由低平、双向、倒置变为T波直立。冠心病组运动后QTd异常增多主要是运动后心肌复极T环发生变化所致。冠心病组运动试验QTd 变化见图1、2,非器质性心脏病组运动试验QTd 变化见图3、4。
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